Arguably born the day that villagers -- and the people who profited off them -- decided that wood wasnt strong enough to keep them safe, castles quickly became more than just edifices dedicated to security. Instead of repelling borders, real or imaginary, castles became THE status symbol of status symbols. Monuments to bravado, they were stone and mortal proclamations to the age-old idea that "mine is bigger than yours."
If you want an picture-postcard example of a castle, you dont have to go anywhere but the Chteau de Pierrefonds in France. Although it may have started out as a structure designed to keep some folks out and others safely in, it was later partially sugar frosted by none other than Napoleon the 3rd, who was shooting for a true nobility status symbol: a iced cake that no one but the very rich and very privileged could eat.
Pierrefonds is still a beautiful place, even if its fortifications were overly gilded - or maybe because of it. Its no wonder it's used to this day when central casting gets a call for a classic castle.
When fairy tale jumps from a landscape and hits you between the eyes
If you want a real Disney, fairy-tale, and totally insane castle, you have to visit the residence of one totally insane German king, namely Ludwig II of Bavaria. Look up gaudy in the dictionary and theres a picture of his castle: Neuschwanstein ("The New Swan Rock").